Bankfull Flows on Friday

On the evening of Fri­day, August 17^th, 2018 some­thing very impor­tant hap­pened in the world of stream sci­ence and man­age­ment. The Eso­pus Creek, Birch Creek, and Wood­land Creek reached “bank­full dis­charge”.

Bank­full dis­charge is the amount of water flow­ing in the stream when the chan­nel is com­plete­ly filled to the brim, mea­sured in cubic feet per sec­ond (cfs). At bank­full, all the water is still con­tained with­in the chan­nel. Once bank­full has been exceed­ed, water spills out onto the flood­plain and the stream is tech­ni­cal­ly flood­ing. The pho­to­graph below shows the Stony Clove Creek at near bank­full flow. The  unde­vel­oped flood­plain vis­i­ble on the left is acces­si­ble to the stream and ready to accept any flood waters in excess of bank­full.

(a)(b)

(a) Stream cross sec­tion show­ing bank­full stage, (b). the head­wa­ters of Stony Clove Creek flow­ing at ~800 cfs, approach­ing bank­full

In the humid north­east, most streams will see a bank­full flow event every 1.5 years on aver­age. The last time we saw a bank­full flow in the Ashokan water­shed was Octo­ber 2017.

If any flow over bank­full means that the stream is flood­ing, then we can expect our rivers and streams to flood at least once every year and half. This is nat­ur­al, sta­ble stream behav­ior and high­lights the impor­tance of flood­plain man­age­ment.

Bank­full dis­charge is crit­i­cal to stream man­agers because over time it is the flow that moves the largest amount of sed­i­ment, effec­tive­ly shap­ing and main­tain­ing the chan­nel form. Due to the impor­tance of bank­full dis­charge for chan­nel main­te­nance, some of the research projects that we fund at AWSMP have trig­gers that are acti­vat­ed fol­low­ing bank­full flow events.

Below is a chart that com­pares the stream flows observed on Fri­day the 17^th (far right) to bank­full dis­charge. The Q1.5 col­umn is an esti­mat­ed bank­full dis­charge based on sta­tis­tics. This is a use­ful esti­mate for bank­full when field derived val­ues are not avail­able. The most accu­rate way to deter­mine bank­full dis­charge is to read the stream. A well-trained eye can locate bank­full indi­ca­tors in the field such as depo­si­tion­al fea­tures or changes in bank slope, veg­e­ta­tion, and par­ti­cle size. By using these indi­ca­tors as a guide to mea­sure the dimen­sions of the stream chan­nel, high­ly accu­rate bank­full dis­charge val­ues can be cal­cu­lat­ed (mid­dle col­umn).

 

USGS Gage Sta­tion	Q1.5 (cfs)	Cal­i­brat­ed Qbkf (cfs)	Qmax 8/17/18 (cfs)
Eso­pus Creek at Allaben	2,524	2,772	2,950
Eso­pus Creek at Cold­brook	10,343	7,069	12,000
Birch Creek at Big Indi­an	287	331	588
Wood­land Creek above Phoeni­cia	1,650	-	1,720

 

Q_1.5 = sta­tis­ti­cal­ly cal­cu­lat­ed flow that occurs rough­ly every 1.5 years, often used a sub­sti­tute for field-cal­i­brat­ed bank­full dis­charge

Cal­i­brat­ed Q_bkf = field cal­i­brat­ed bank­full dis­charge

Q_max = instan­ta­neous peak flow mea­sure­ment from Fri­day, August 17^th, 2018

 

Tags: bankfull, floodplain, stony clove